A conflict of interest includes any relationship or circumstance that could potentially influence the impartiality of participants in the publication process. Authors must disclose all relevant personal, professional, financial, academic, or political connections that might affect their work.If no conflicts exist, authors should indicate: “Declarations of interest: none.” This statement will accompany the article if it is published.If conflicts are identified, authors must submit a separate declaration form with complete details, which will be stored in the journal’s records.

Authors must confirm that each listed contributor has significantly participated in the research or writing process and approved the final manuscript. They must also verify that the work is original, unpublished (except as abstracts or theses), and not under review elsewhere. Approval from co-authors and relevant institutional authorities is required. Republishing the article requires written consent from the copyright holder.

Individuals who contributed but do not meet authorship requirements should be acknowledged appropriately, including those providing technical or editorial support.

The authorship list should be finalised prior to submission. Changes before acceptance require editorial approval and written consent from all authors, including the affected individual if someone is added or removed.Requests after acceptance will only be considered in exceptional cases. Approved post-publication changes will result in a correction notice.

Any disputes related to authorship will be handled according to COPE guidelines, which may involve communication with relevant institutions.